IS 182, Spring 2002 Discussion 1, Psychodynamics of Orality/Print (Ong)

1. Chief Powhatan, head of a confederacy of Algonquin tribes in what is know Virginia and Maryland. When the English settled Jamestown in 1607, his daughter Pocahontas actually married John Rolfe, one of the settlers. Speech of 1609, reported by John Smith.

2. Chief Logan, head of the Mingoes, a band of friendly Iroquois of upper Ohio River valley (1774). Peace oration at council called by the colonial governor of Virgina, Lord Dunmore.

3. Chief Tecumseh (1768-1813), head of the Shawnee nation, native to Ohio. The tribe operated a successful trading post (Keth-tip-pe-can-nunk; known to non-native speakers as Tippecanoe) in Illinois' Wabash River Valley until 1791 when it was destroyed to make room for the white man. In 1808, Tecumseh and his brother (known as Shawnee Prophet) left Ohio and founded the village Prophet's Town, the Indian equivalent of Washington, D.C., the capitol of a great Indian confederacy of Shawnee, Potawatomi and Kickapoo nations. In 1811 the governor of the Indiana Territory sent an army of 1000 men to Prophet's Town which was destroyed. Tecumseh and his remaining followers allied themselves with British forces for the War of 1812 against the Americans. In 1813, when he was 45, in the Battle of the Thames at Chatham, Ontario, Tecumseh was killed leading his warriors, dressed in traditional deerskin garments. Speech of 1810

4. Pedro Naranjo, Pueblo Rebellion of 1680. Testimony of prisoner recorded by Spanish inquisitors.

5. Jim Whitewolf, Kiowa Apache of southwestern Oklahoma, born around 1878.

6. Cinque and the Amistad Rebellion, 1839 (see next page)

7. The Kiliwas, Baja California, early 1970s